Monday, January 20, 2020

Social Effects of the Berlin Wall Essay -- essays research papers fc

Outline THESIS: From research and historical analysts, we can conclude that in many cases the people of Germany have been effected socially and economically by the building and construction of the Berlin Wall. I. Background A. Beginning construction B. Closing borders C. Pre-Berlin Wall II. History A. Cold War B. World War II C. Economy III. Post- Berlin Wall effects A. Economic examples B. Political examples Conclusion In the last fifty years the German Democratic Republic has been a nonstop changing country. In Germany, the terms â€Å"East† and â€Å"West† do not just represent geographically regions. It runs much deeper than that, and there is still a large gap in the way of life, and political and social conditions of the whole country. While most German’s were sleeping on the night of August 13, 1961, the East German government began closing its borders. In the early morning of that Sunday, most of the first work was done: the border to West Berlin was closed. The East German troops had begun to tear up streets and to install barbed wire entanglement and fences through Berlin. Between 1961 and today, the Berlin Wall saw many changes, and so did the people that it entrapped. Prior to the construction of the Berlin Wall, boarders between East and West Germany were closed in 1952 because of tension between Communists and Democratic superpowers and the only open crossing left in Berlin. West Germany was blockaded by the Soviets and only kept alive because of air drops made by the Western Allies (Time). The Soviets had to do something about the mass amount of people leaving Soviet East Berlin for West Berlin, and the non-communist world. The most visible aspect of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall. Before the wall was constructed, East and West Germans could travel freely between the two states. The number of East Germans fleeing to West was an embarrassment to the Communists, and something had to be done to pro... ...in a recent pole, 40% of young people in this area would vote for this party of former communists. In the West however, all of the districts, excluding one voted for the conservative Christian Democratic Union. (Time Nov 20th) Though times were tough for many years for some Germans, things are improving slowly. While the wall was erect, many Germans had high hopes of change and continue to strive towards equality nationwide. In June of 1963 when John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, he gave a very impacting speech to the people of Berlin, "There are some who say that Communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin" (Sidey). Although the wall no longer physically stands, it still today divides Germany and Berlin into two separate states today. Works Cited Benjamin, Daniel. â€Å"Wall of Shame.† Time. November 20, 1989 Canning, Kathleen. â€Å"Responses to German Reunification.† The Journal of the International Institute. 2000. The Regents of the University of Michigan. 07 March 05 Sidey, Hugh. â€Å"The Presidency.† Time. November 20, 1989 Wallace, Charles P., â€Å"Across the Great Divide.† Time Europe. Nov. 15, 1999 Social Effects of the Berlin Wall Essay -- essays research papers fc Outline THESIS: From research and historical analysts, we can conclude that in many cases the people of Germany have been effected socially and economically by the building and construction of the Berlin Wall. I. Background A. Beginning construction B. Closing borders C. Pre-Berlin Wall II. History A. Cold War B. World War II C. Economy III. Post- Berlin Wall effects A. Economic examples B. Political examples Conclusion In the last fifty years the German Democratic Republic has been a nonstop changing country. In Germany, the terms â€Å"East† and â€Å"West† do not just represent geographically regions. It runs much deeper than that, and there is still a large gap in the way of life, and political and social conditions of the whole country. While most German’s were sleeping on the night of August 13, 1961, the East German government began closing its borders. In the early morning of that Sunday, most of the first work was done: the border to West Berlin was closed. The East German troops had begun to tear up streets and to install barbed wire entanglement and fences through Berlin. Between 1961 and today, the Berlin Wall saw many changes, and so did the people that it entrapped. Prior to the construction of the Berlin Wall, boarders between East and West Germany were closed in 1952 because of tension between Communists and Democratic superpowers and the only open crossing left in Berlin. West Germany was blockaded by the Soviets and only kept alive because of air drops made by the Western Allies (Time). The Soviets had to do something about the mass amount of people leaving Soviet East Berlin for West Berlin, and the non-communist world. The most visible aspect of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall. Before the wall was constructed, East and West Germans could travel freely between the two states. The number of East Germans fleeing to West was an embarrassment to the Communists, and something had to be done to pro... ...in a recent pole, 40% of young people in this area would vote for this party of former communists. In the West however, all of the districts, excluding one voted for the conservative Christian Democratic Union. (Time Nov 20th) Though times were tough for many years for some Germans, things are improving slowly. While the wall was erect, many Germans had high hopes of change and continue to strive towards equality nationwide. In June of 1963 when John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, he gave a very impacting speech to the people of Berlin, "There are some who say that Communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin" (Sidey). Although the wall no longer physically stands, it still today divides Germany and Berlin into two separate states today. Works Cited Benjamin, Daniel. â€Å"Wall of Shame.† Time. November 20, 1989 Canning, Kathleen. â€Å"Responses to German Reunification.† The Journal of the International Institute. 2000. The Regents of the University of Michigan. 07 March 05 Sidey, Hugh. â€Å"The Presidency.† Time. November 20, 1989 Wallace, Charles P., â€Å"Across the Great Divide.† Time Europe. Nov. 15, 1999

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Democratic Convention

Several dozens of years ago Conventions of parties were an important part of American political life. Although nowadays their role is a bit decreased, still the electors watch results of Conventions with great interest.Democratic Convention of this year gave possibility to John Kerry to introduce him to that part of American electorate, which doesn’t know him well. Still, the electorate knows quite well who is George Bush – as he was the President for 4 years.So, Republican Convention will not add much information to those opinions about Bush, which are already exist, although his speech is prominent, as usual and in some extent, shows him from a bit new point of view.We can see some changes in Conventions as well: last time directly at Conventions who candidates competed for nomination from Party – Jerald Ford and Ronald Reagan (it took place in 1976 and we are speaking about Republicans), but if approval of candidate changed into clear formality, can the Americ an political scientists continue to examine Convention as a key event of party political struggle?I think, to some extent it is correct, even if we take into account that candidate is usually determined to the beginning of Convention, and we are not expecting any surprises. It became a part of election campaign, but it is very important part of it.The Convention is a kind of enchanting sight which gives an opportunity to candidate to present his speech, where he will give idea of himself and his program, – and then it results his rating. Actually, Republican Convention is an answer to Democratic Convention, which took place in Boston from July 26 to July 29.It is quite difficult position: while George Bush can refer to his statement of service, John Kerry can refer only to his promises. But from the other side, if Bush’s statement of services can be interpreted not only to his favor, and many of electors treat it exactly to his disfavor, we have the struggle between re ality and promises.More then 35 thousand of people took part in Democratic Convention. During Convention they informed American society about life of John Kerry and John Edwards, about their great services to American society in the struggle for interests of middle-class and about their plans to build stronger and more independent America.Stephanie Tubbs-Jones told about plans to create new working places and economics, which will be more stable in interests of middle-classes. Tammy Baldwin presented program of cheaper and more affordable health-care system. Bob Menendez explained main points of Democratic program in the field of foreign policy.The most important event was final speech of candidate to President John Kerry, directly before procedure of official closure of Convention. The present structure of Convention was the most multi-national during the whole history of Party according to information of Democratic National Convention Committee (DNCC). More then 40% of participant s consisted of national minorities of the USA. More then 10 thousand of people registered as volunteers in order to help the party during Convention.Historically, Republicans had more strong positions at more rich and industrialized north of America, and Democrats – at more poor â€Å"village† south. But during the last 50 years their positions changed: Democrats dominate at the North of America and Republicans – at the South.Democrats lay special stress on expansion of governmental role, and Republicans lay stress on decreasing of governmental role, taxes, etc. Another point of differences is program of so-called â€Å"affirmative actions†. Democrats support giving advantages to race and other minorities when receiving job or education; – this was the reason that African-American gave their votes in their favor.Democrats consider themselves supporters and defenders of interests of working class and people with low income. Republicans present inter ests rather of business and wealthy citizens. Their party also includes Christian conservators.

Friday, January 3, 2020

The Role Of Higher Education Institutions Today - 1713 Words

t is the role of higher education institutions today? Create A Quality Workforce By Growing, Training, And Attracting The Finest Talent- Higher education will be a dominant, if not decisive, factor in preparing workers with the robust skills needed to adapt to changing job requirements. Support Current Business And Industry- Current business and industry receives support through the customized services offered by higher education. As technology and the economic climate change, higher education can be a valuable resource to businesses in some ways e.g- training, assessments, employee skills Improve Learning And Teaching From Pre-School Through Graduate School- Higher educational institutions work with P-12 schools to help prepare students with the increasingly higher-level skills needed to obtain and retain employment. Preparing sufficient numbers of students can be challenging, Take Strong And Visible Roles In Regional Initiative- Higher education, with its networks and linkages thro ughout the region and state, is uniquely positioned to convene the necessary representatives from the diverse government, business, education, social, and civic groups and to serve as the third-party, neutral catalyst to create the collaborations needed to develop industry clusters. Disseminate Research And Promote Technology Transfer- Research and practical, application-based technology are needed to create sustainable economic growth. Research conducted by higher education enhancesShow MoreRelatedAssessing the Functional and Technical Architecture of Enterprise Resource Planning1185 Words   |  5 PagesAssessing the Functional and Technical Architecture of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems In Higher Education Introduction The foundational role of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system within an institution of higher education is to serve as a system of record for all interactions while also synchronizing the many systems, processes and platforms to a series of strategic objectives. At the most fundamental, foundational level, an ERP system is a system of record, tracking allRead MoreEssay On Computer Technology1000 Words   |  4 Pagesof businesses. Higher education institutes are now spending million to implement computer technology projects like institute management, campus management, student management etc. computer technologies could save higher education institutes millions of dollars. Computer technology is the design and construction of computers to better help people at work, school, home, etc. An incredible development in the higher education has made the administration of higher education institutions difficult. ComputerRead MoreWhat Is Minority Serving Institutions?916 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesâ€Å"Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) are an understudied institutional type. The dearth of data has not only resulted in general misunderstandings about them, but also means that there are many rich veins of research waiting to be explored† (Commodore, Abiola, Ramos, Gasman, 2015, p. 2). The â€Å"misunderstanding† that often surrounds MSIs extends to both women’s colleges and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and the students who choose to attend them. These institutions must balanceRead MoreEducation Is Not A Finite Subject1361 Words   |  6 PagesEducation is not a finite subject, but an ever expanding conglomerate. Today we view success as going to school, getting a job, and having a family as success in the system. Schools see grades as progress of education. One has to know all options and succeed in truly understanding the subject that interests them the most. Jumping forward a couple of centuries kids are told to not major in art because it will not financially sustain them. â€Å"It is too unstable and unpredictable.† If we go through lifeRead MoreThe Greatest Challenge For American Higher Education1582 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican higher education today is how to improve the success of developmental education students. Having a postsecondary degree is often the difference between having a career and living comfortably or holding a minimum wage job and struggling to make ends meet. Gabriel (2008), reports that nearly half of higher education students do not have the necessary skills needed in reading to perform successfully and faculty insist these students are not prepared. Community colleges plays a pivotal role in educationRead MoreThe Role Of Women s Leadership Program1684 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunities are available to either gender. Contrary to this, if one fails to receive validation for leadership attempts diminishes, so does self-confidence and the motivation to seek out other opportunities or to experiment, and take on new leadership roles (Day et al., 2009) thus weakening one’s self-identity as a leader (DeRue Ashford, 2010). Now if you are a woman and predisposed to being viewed as â€Å"the weaker sex†, one more emotional, passive, and lacking ambition, must you redouble your effortsRead MoreLeadership : The Field Of Distance Education1734 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership in Distance Education To most people, leadership and management are used interchangeably. The roles and skills of leadership and management, however, are distinctively different. Kotter (2012) states that unlike management that is responsible for carrying out changes within systems, leadership on the other hand, â€Å"builds systems or transforms old ones†¦takes you into territory that is new and less well known, or completely unknown to you† (Location 36. para 1). This is notable withRead MoreChina s Higher Education System1712 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Methodology The study takes a comparative study approach. This approach is defined as putting two or more education systems side by side in order to determine their socio-economic, cultural, political, ideology in a context (Brickman and Fraser, 1968). This paper takes a view of China’s higher education systems in order to find out the strengths higher education for policy formation in South Sudan because currently there is no evidence of one. The emphasis here is that in examining the policyRead MoreAnalysis Of Structure And Dynamics1365 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: Analysis of Structure and Dynamics Institutions of higher education pride themselves in their ability to educate, serve, and meet the needs of the students in which it serves. This analysis shows collaboration on college/university campuses to foster success among first year students. With higher education today being in a state of dynamic change, it becomes crucial that faculty members recognize that their long time traditional roles have become somewhat non-existent. That is to sayRead MoreAfrican American Students and Equal Education 786 Words   |  4 Pagesone of them being an opportunity for the chance to get an equal education. Many people believe that African Americans have an equal or better chance at getting an education than other students. This is not the case when in fact, it is actually harder for these three reasons: African American students tend to come from harsh, poverty stricken atmospheres. Shattered family lifestyles that make it difficult to pursue a higher education because they have not re ceived the proper information. Secondly

Thursday, December 26, 2019

Essay on Ellisons King of the Bingo Game - 1076 Words

Ellisons King of the Bingo Game Ellisons King of the Bingo Game encompasses a variety of different implications that transform an otherwise sad short story into a political statement regarding racial injustice towards African Americans. Ellisons use of colors, slang phrases, names, irony, and his almost constant use of metaphor change otherwise meaningless sentences into poignant testimonial of disparity. This exceptional use of language, in conjunction to the hardships African Americans faced at the time of the stories conception allow it to paint a picture of inequality and prejudice that insight insanity into the main character. As the story begins Ellison?s main character, the man who remains nameless is described as†¦show more content†¦Also he writes that the man is surrounded by the darkness of the theater, consumed by it, and with the white light ahead and on stage he is alone, and lonely in the darkness, playing the game. These are all references to how invisible and alone the man is. When he actually wins bingo the story goes from metaphor to reality. As he steps on stage the men on stage berate him with racial slurs, as does the crowd. They call him ?boy,? and say that ?he?s one of the chosen people.? People yell, ?Are you all-reet,? and the announcer says ?So you decided to come off that mountain to the U.S.? All of this confuses the man because he is so consumed with the desire to win the money that he can not understand they are making fun of him. He cautiously grins, knowing that they are probably making fun of him, but he is consumed with his own anxiety. What he does understand is that the spin is his only chance to bring life back to his only companion. The thought of loosing the spin and the money makes him believe that his life will become unlivable if winning is not the outcome. He unconsciously knows that he must win, or Laura will die and he will become completely alone and helpless. As these thoughts cross his mind he pushes the button, and the process of spinning the wheel begins. Blood rushes to his head, and immediately his sense of reality disappears. The spin will determine his entire outcome, or so it seems, and theShow MoreRelatedPrejudice in King of the Bingo Game938 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s â€Å"King of the Bingo Game† is the story about an unnamed black man, in the 1930’s, who is hoping to win the bingo game that is being held at the local cinema, in order win enough money to pay for his gravely ill wife to see a doctor. The central idea of this story is about race, and the inabili ty for a person to be the master of his or her own destiny, when they live in an unfair and prejudicial system. The main character is completely alienated from the world around him. He is aRead MoreInternal And External Conflicts Of The Narrator862 Words   |  4 Pagesexternal conflicts of the protagonist The narrator of Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"King of the Bingo Game† is a scared but fighting man. The protagonist of this story is an African American man. He is from Rocky Mont, North Carolina. In the story, his wife Laura is ill and will die if they are not able to take her to a doctor. He is playing a game of bingo in order to try to win the daily jackpot, so he can take Laura to the doctors. He gets bingo and is called up to the front to spin the wheel, but when heRead More The Distinguished Works of the Preeminent Black Author, Ralph Ellison2059 Words   |  9 Pagesthe novelist Richard Wright (Kennedy and Gioia). In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Ellison was primarily an essayist who was published in several American periodicals. It was in these early years that he wrote King of the Bingo Game and the Buster and Riley trilogy. In 1952, Ellisons Invisible Man was published in what became his most notable work. Invisible Man won Ellison numerous honors including the Na tional Book Award in 1953 (Kennedy and Gioia). Ellison continued to write short storiesRead MoreKing of the Bingo Game1745 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"King of the Bingo Game† Ideas of slavery, identity, and what is acceptable behavior differ greatly in the past-Civil War North and South. Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"King of the Bingo Game† depicts how traditional southern slave mentalities are in conflict even after Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of the slaves, leading many, like the nameless main character to try and find a new identity and giving him a taste of power to control his life and the lives of others. From the beginningRead MoreThemes and Styles of Ralph Ellison3336 Words   |  14 Pagesdialect of Faulkner and Jones vernacular locations. He is sensitive to black speech especially by calling it our own version of English. American language shows directness, flexibility and imagery to the Negro presence (Tuttleton 296). Overall, Ellisons perspective shown in his works is very personal. He concerns himself with more personal matters than social. He has tried hard to protect and prove his distinctness, his difference from various predefined ideas of his identity. He refuses to be definedRead MoreEssay on Ralph Ellison Living with Music1434 Words   |  6 Pageshis youth by his mother bringing books and magazines home for him from the houses she cleaned. In addition, a black episcopal priest in the city challenged the white custom of barring blacks from the public library and the custom was overturned. Ellisons horizons were broadened to a world outside his own sheltered life in Oklahoma City, by the many books now available to him in the library. During his teenage years, Ellison and his friends imagined being the eclectic combination of frontiersmenRead MoreBlack Boy : Breaking The Chains Of Mental Slavery1720 Words   |  7 Pagesstill believes both blacks and whites have a long way to go. His views become much more positive and he expresses a strong sense of independence and comfort in the man that he has become. Slave: A new Spelling of my Name 5. Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"King of the Bingo Game† depicts the slave mentality post Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of the slaves. After the Emancipation Proclamation many former slaves took this time to embark on new journeys of self-exploration. The story begins with the nameless

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Disaster Of Nuclear Reactors - 1057 Words

An earthquake centered 130 km off shore of the city of Sendai in Miyagi caused 11 nuclear reactors that were operating at 4 different nuclear plants to shut down on March 11, 2011(Fukushima Accident, 2015). The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0, which is classified as one of the worst earthquakes/ greatest earthquakes on the earthquake scale, the tsunami following the earthquake was about 560 sq km resulting in over 19,000 human deaths. The earthquake and tsunami caused the following nuclear units to shut down, Tokyo Electric Power Company s (Tepco) Fukushima Daiichi 1, 2, 3, and Fukushima Daini 1, 2, 3, 4, Tohoku s Onagawa 1, 2, 3, and Japco s Tokai, total 9377 MWe net (ibid). Nuclear plants create energy through radioactive substances that help the creation of energy. Substances can become radioactive because the nucleus of each atom is unstable and can decay giving off nuclear radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles or gamma rays (What is Radioactivity, n.d.). Most power reactors use water as a coolant, in light-water reactors, the core is surrounded by the coolant under pressure. The nuclear fuel contains uranium that contains 2 to 4 percent uranium-235. For fuel rods the uranium is changed to uranium dioxide (Nuclear Energy, n.d.). Heat is created by the uranium-235 atoms splitting which is called fission then steam is made which spins a turbine to drive a generator and produces electricity, this is a nuclear reaction. Fukushima are boiling-waterShow MoreRelatedA Note on the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster974 Words   |  4 PagesChernobyl Nuclear Disaster: The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster is an accident that took place at a nuclear power plant in Ukraine in April 1986. The accident was because of a flawed Soviet reactor design, severe mistakes by the plant operators, and direct result of Cold War isolation. As the resultant steam explosion and fires emitted radioactive reactor core into the downwind and the Earths atmosphere, the accident was also attributed to the lack of any safety culture. The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster wasRead MoreChernobyl Informative Speech Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Getter: There are currently 442 active nuclear power reactors worldwide according to the Nuclear Energy Institute. Of all of the reactors worldwide, 14 have been classified as accidents where the public has been exposed to radiation. The most devastating of these incidents was the core meltdown of reactor 4 at Chernobyl, better known as the Chernobyl disaster. Introduction: Today I am going to tell you 3 things about Chernobyl. * First, I am going to tell you what Chernobyl wasRead MoreThe Threat Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Plant956 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame a byproduct of humanity s endeavors. A Disaster is a type of destruction where problems connect to one another to have a chain effect, and cause the problems to add up increasingly. Subsequently, if we allow the problems to continue without looking at the future ahead, the results can be deadly. A perfect example of a cause and effect disaster is at a nuclear plant named, Chernobyl in Pripyat. The disasters that occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear plant are a clear example of how we as engineersRead MoreThe Disaster Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster1504 Words   |  7 PagesEngineering Disaster Newton’s third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; this law is not only applied in our studies but in our daily lives. For engineers, this is a law to live by; reminding each engineer that each of his/her actions will have an equal consequence whether it is good or bad. Engineers are trusted and respected individuals who represent not only themselves but the profession as a whole; their title gives them a great responsibility andRead MoreThe Chernobyl Tragedy : A Safety Test For Reactor Four1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Chernobyl Tragedy What started out as a safety test for Reactor Four of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ended in what is known to be the worst nuclear accident in modern day history (Ingram, 2005). Why? The Chernobyl nuclear accident is the only one, in the history of commercial nuclear power, in which fatalities occurred due to radioactive particles being released into the atmosphere (Nuclear Energy Institute, 2015). It was unique. Unique, not only due to deaths from the radiation releasedRead MoreThe Growing Demand for Energy1219 Words   |  5 Pagesenergy sources has led to the advent of very unconventional and often controversial sources. One such source is nuclear energy. Since its first commercial introduction in 1960, nuclear energy has grown to become a major player in the energy sector generating 14 percent of the worlds electricity. However, some countries are more dependent on this power source than others. France relies on nuclear for 75.2 percent of its electricity. (National Publ ic Radio, 2011). This potential to generate enormous amountsRead MoreDifferent Types of Nuclear Energy Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesAs a source of energy, nuclear energy provides a safer alternative, for the production of energy for large-scale consumption. There are two different types of nuclear energy; nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Nuclear fission is the process in which a nucleus spits into two or more smaller nuclei. Nuclear fusion is the process in which two nuclei fuse together to form a larger nuclei. Nuclear reactors can become unstable creating an uncontrollable nuclear reaction. The effects of this can be seenRead More Chernobyl Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesChernobyl On April 26, 1986 disaster struck the world. It was not a disaster like any other before. A new type of death was now shown to the world. Although during World War II people encountered radiation sickness and death, that was sadly intended. The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear powerstation was undoubtedly the worlds largest nuclear accident. That was the difference. It was accidental, and although innocent people were killed or made sick in the past from radiationRead MoreThe Horrific Chernobyl Accident Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesin Ukraine the catastrophic and disastrous nuclear accident occurred labeled â€Å"The Chernobyl Disaster† occurred. The catastrophe is recorded to be the worst nuclear power-plant accident to date and the first classified as a level seven event on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The estimated cost of the damage inflicted is a total of eighteen billion rubles. The loss of life sparked by the ordeal official thirty-one peo ple by direct cause. The disaster has had a prolonged effect to environmentalRead MoreEssay on Could the Chernobyl Disaster Have Been Prevented?1249 Words   |  5 Pages A- Plan of Investigation- For my Historical Investigation, I wanted to research the catastrophic nuclear meltdown that occurred on April 26th, 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. My research question is: Could the Chernobyl disaster have been avoided, if so, which moments in the chain of events leading to the accident needed to occur differently? To carry out my investigation, I plan on utilizing the Internet, encyclopedias and finding books that explain how accidental Chernobyl

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Animal Testing (933 words) Essay Example For Students

Animal Testing (933 words) Essay Animal TestingFor centuries, animals have been used in medical research. Since 1875, animalexperimentation has been an on going heated debate on whether experiments onanimals are ethical. At the very start, the movement against animal testingfocused mainly on the inhumanity of hurting and killing living beings forexperimental discovery (Achor 95). However, in these few decades,scientific invalidity was one of the focusing claims to object to vivisection,which is an injurious use of animals in laboratories and classrooms,whether for experimentation, product testing, training, or demonstration (Achor94-95). Animals are innocent and they are not able to fight back for any meansof suffering. Therefore, animal testing should be banned due to the fact thatanimal experimentation does not benefit human health and it diverts attentionaway from reliable research methods. The abolition of vivisection is supportednot only by animal activists but also by scientists, medical doctors,psychiatrists, nurses, veterinarians, and other medical professionals (Achor95), who discredit the scientific merits of animal experimentation. In contrast,some conservative physicians advocate the use of animal research because theybelieve that accidental discoveries will lead us to theadvances (qtd. in Achor 95) and they are reluctant to adoptalternative methodologies, such as tissue cultures, which would requireextensive re-training (Bender 75). They believe that science cannotadvance without animal experimentation. Other than someold-fashioned physicians, animal breeders, animal dealers, andanimal food suppliers also oppose the termination of animal research becausethey will lose millions of dollars, which is supposed to be their profits. Animal research cannot guarantee the effects of drugs on human beings. Everyliving system differs from each other. Predicting the reaction of one species bystudying another species is not accurate at all. LaFoullette and Shanks depictedthe truth that even the most common drug given to humans does not haveuniform effects in non-human animals (26). Although mice and rats lookvery similar, their reaction upon certain drugs can be totally distinctive (Achor104). Roy Kupsinel, M.D. once announced that animal experimentationproduces a lot of misleading and confusing data which poses hazards to human health. For example, 4 million patients per year arehospitalized for side effects caused by  ¡Ã‚ ¥thoroughly tested drugs,and of those 50,000 die of the  ¡Ã‚ ¥cures, not the disease (Achor104). According to Davis, aspirin causes birth defects in rats and mice,poisons cats, but does not affect horses (qtd. in LaFoullette and Shanks26). A well-known example of the misleading animal testing w hich harms humanhealth is the thalidomide disaster. The box accompanying the thalidomide statedthat after substantial animal tests, this drug was confirmed to be safe. However, birth defects were eventually caused if pregnant women had prescribed. This resulted in missing limbs in thousands of babies (Achor 104). In addition,there are many factors affecting the results obtained by animal experimentation,such as stress, age, diet, gender, isolation, and crowding (Dickinson 32). Thus,cases can be false positive or false negative. Some drugs are toxic for humansbut healthy for animals; some are useful for human health but not in terms ofanimals (LaFoullette and Shanks 26). As a result, animal experimentation doesnot totally benefit for human health. Instead, they may harm human beings. Focuson animal research eliminates choices on other reliable research methods. Withthe recent objection of animal testing, more scientists started to pursue otherresearch methods. As we expected, the non-animal researches are superior toanimal research (Achor 102). One significant example is the Ames test, whichexamines if materials are to be carcinogens or not. This test is performed byintroducing a suspected carcinogen to salmonella bacteria. If thesubstance causes genetic changes in salmonella bacteria, then the substance isvery likely carcinogenic (Achor 102). This test takes a few days tocomplete. Mobil Oil Company adopted the Ames test to examine petroleum-basedproducts, and this only took them 48 hours and cost $600. Comparing with animaltests that they previously used, Mobil Oil Company has saved up to $50,000, twoand a half years of time, and 30,000 animals which are supposed to be using inanimal testing (Achor 102). Instead of animal experimentation, some othersuccessful alternatives without killing animals include In-vitro studies,Mathematical models which predict novel results, and Physio-chemical studieswhich analyze the properties of drugs (Achor 102). As a result, scientistsshould adopt other reliable research methods rather than animal experimentation. .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .postImageUrl , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:hover , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:visited , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:active { border:0!important; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:active , .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u702c64e7484c165f00a95c3a0180aedf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Treating Diabetes with Transplanted Cells EssayAlthough a number of medical doctors and scientists do not support the use ofanimals in laboratories, animal experimentations are still taking place. Animalresearch does not benefit human health in some ways, but they contribute animportant role in medical science. For example, the polio vaccine, kidneytransplants, and heart surgery techniques have all been developed with the aidof animal research (Bender 60). In spite of the fact that in a recent count, 60to 75 percent of animal experimentations are duplicating the previous studies,such as the effect of pain in combination with cocaine and other drugs, and thedrug dependence and noxious stimuli (qtd. in Achor 102). In otherwords, animal research does not provide as much fresh information as before. Therefore, scientists should spend more time on other research methods ratherthan sticking with this old method  ¡V animal testing. As a result, themedical science field can obtain a new face and perhaps, may flourish in alarger extent. Day by day, animals are suffering in laboratories by electricshock and ravages of syphilis. Nevertheless, they can do nothing to escape frommistreatment in laboratories because they are not able to fight back. Therefore,being humane, we should help them get rid of the useless suffering because theanimal tests they are involved in are not beneficial to human health and aredriving away attention to other research methods.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Six Scenarios free essay sample

The fact that the promotion is no longer probable will be detrimental to Jack’s performance since he can be pretty emotional at times (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 64). Nevertheless, I think withholding information from Jack is not only disrespectful to his so far excellent performance but will also disrupt the team’s trust on the Project Manager. 2. Seaburst Construction Project What should you do? Why? Clearly, the fact that several pieces of valuable equipment are missing from the storage sheds during the weekend is a sign that they are being used for alternate purposes. Project Managers establish standards of performance with their daily interactions (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 55) and if no precedent is set with this situation, other team members will think that this kind of behavior is acceptable (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 355). 3. The Project Status Report Meeting What should you tell your client about the current status of the project? Building trust not only with the team members but also with all stakeholders is fundamental to a successful project. We will write a custom essay sample on Six Scenarios or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, I would schedule a meeting (before she demands it) as soon as possible with the client not only to inform her of the project setbacks but also to show her the action plan to solve the problems. This face-to-face interaction will affirm mutual respect and trust from both parties (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 362). 4. Gold Star LAN project Would you sign the document? Why? Why not? Under no circumstances I would sign the document since is not only fraudulent but also unethical. Sadly, I can see how a refusal to sign the bill can compromise someone’s future in this company. But regardless of the consequences, personal integrity is essential to lead and manage others (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 360). 5. Cape Town Bio-Tech You leave the meeting wondering whether you should share this information with the project team or not. Considering the confidence on the estimated project schedule, I don’t think the orders shipping deadline is relevant to the project team performance since they are already committed to an earlier completion date. As a project manager, one must always keep the team motivated but in this case it will be hard to do so if the team knows they can default on their schedule without consequences. 6. Ryman Pharmaceuticals What would you do and why? Using privileged information for financial gain is extremely unethical and could create mistrust among the coworkers. Successful project managers exercise influence in a manner that builds and sustains the trust of others (Larson Gray, 2010, pg. 357). If this trust does not exit, team members tend to be hesitant to cooperate.